2-substituted-4,6-di-tertiarybutyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-pyrimidines useful as antiinflammatory agents

ABSTRACT

The present invention is novel compounds which are 2-substituted-4,6-di-tertiarybutyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-pyrimidines and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition or base salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use therefor. The invention compounds are now found to have activity as inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and/or cyclooxygenase providing treatment of conditions advantageously affected by such inhibition including inflammation, arthritis, pain, fever and the like. Thus, the present invention is also a pharmaceutical composition or method of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for the use of treating the noted conditions.

This is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/924,713 filed Aug.3, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,248,682, which is a divisional of U.S.application Ser. No. 07/648,115 filed Jan. 31, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No.5,177,079 granted Jan. 5, 1993.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is novel compounds which are2-substituted-4,6-di-tertiary-butyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-pyrimidines andpharmaceutically acceptable acid addition or base salts thereof,pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use therefor. The inventioncompounds are now found to have activity as inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenaseand/or cyclooxygenase providing treatment of conditions advantageouslyaffected by such inhibition including, for example, rheumatoidarthritis, osteoarthritis, other inflammatory conditions, pain, fever,psoriasis, allergic diseases, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, GIulcers, cardiovascular conditions including ischemic heart disease andatherosclerosis, and ischemia-induced cell damage, particularly braindamage caused by stroke. They can also be used topically for treatingacne, sunburn, psoriasis, and eczema. Also included are leukotrienemediated pulmonary, gastrointestinal, inflammatory, dermatological, andcardiovascular conditions. The disclosed compounds also have potentialutility as antioxidants. However, overall the preferable use is to treatinflammatory conditions. Thus, the present invention is also apharmaceutical composition or method of manufacturing a pharmaceuticalcomposition for the use of treating the noted conditions.

3,5-Di-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxybenzene, substituted by 1,2,4- and1,3,4-thiadiazoles and oxadiazoles, and 1,2,4-triazoles are known toprovide activity as inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and/or cyclooxygenase.See 3815-P1. Pyrimidine is not noted in this reference. Structureactivity relationships of certain ditertiarybutyl phenols and homologsthereof are discussed by Lazer, E. S., et al in "Effect of Structure onPotency and Selectivity in 2,6-Disubstituted 4-(2-Arylethenyl)-phenolLipoxygenase Inhibitors, J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 1982-1998. Againpyrimidines are not noted in this reference and so compounds thereindiffer from the present invention.

Numerous references disclose 2-amino-5-hydroxy pyrimidines. Compoundshaving N containing groups in place of the amino are also disclosed,however, in each such compounds attachment is through the N. Suchdisclosed pyrimidines may also be substituted at the 4- and/or6-positions with various groups including alkyls. No reference shows atertiarybutyl in both the 4- and 6-positions in combination with a5-hydroxy together with a group other than the N or S containingsubstituent in the 2-position as found in the present invention. Forexample, UK patent application number 2045736 and the Bioch. J. 1951,48, p. 400 shows the simple 2-amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine.Other substituted 2-aminopyridines are shown in European PatentApplication Numbers 89312736.5 and 86305466.4 (equivalent to U.S. Pat.No. 4711888), European Publication Numbers 319170, 233416, 1642 and U.S.Pat. Nos. 4,859,679 and 4,940,712.

Japanese Application No. 1,216,978 discloses 2-arylpyrimidines butdiffers from the present invention, that requires the4,6-di-tertiary-butyl-5-hydroxy substituents.

The difficulty of accommodating steric hindrance in the synthesis of4,6-tertiarybutyl pyrimidine is documented in J. C. S. Perkin I (1976)1202-4. No `5-OH` is considered in this synthesis. Further, althoughFrench application No. 1,476,534 presents a generic scope includingvarious 2-substituted pyrimidines, this French application differs fromthe present invention by failing to provide the present inventionsubstituent combinations.

The disclosures in Chem. Ber. (1960) pp. 1998-2001 and in the IndianJournal of Chemistry, Vol. 24B, May 1985, pp. 535-538 showing oxazole topyrimidine ring transformations and the disclosure in Chemical Reviews(1975), Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 207 and 412 showing a preparation of anoxazole and subsequent transformation to pyrimidine all show a synthesisand product having substituents in the 4- and 6-positions offeringlittle or no steric hindrance contrary to the present invention whichcontains 4,6-ditertiarybutyl together with a 5-hydroxy substituent.

In summary, the references of record show neither the present2-substituent nor combinations of 4 and 6 substituents with a 5-hydroxygroup and particularly combinations in which the 4 and 6 substituentsare ditertiarybutyl groups which provide steric hindrance not previouslypresent during synthesis of pyrimidines.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a compound of the formula I ##STR1## orpharmaceutically acceptable salt and hydrates thereof; wherein n is zeroor one; and W is phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substitutednaphthyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring 1) which ringcontains 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from S, O, or N wherein theheteroaromatic ring may not have more than one of O or S, 2) which ringis attached at a carbon in the ring, and 3) which rings are optionallysubstituted by lower alkyl, preferably methyl. Of course the lower alkylwill be understood to be attached at one or more of the ring carbons.

The present invention is also a compound of the formula 4 ##STR2##

The present invention is also a compound of the formula 5 ##STR3##

The present invention is also a compound of the formula 10 ##STR4##wherein W is as defined above.

Each of compounds 4, 5 and 10 are intermediates useful in thepreparation of the compounds I defined herein.

The present invention is a method for the preparation of a compound ofthe formula 5 which comprises treating a compound of the formula 4 withconcentrated ammonium hydroxide or with another agent which providesammonia in situ but preferably with ammonium hydroxide by heating fromroom temperature to a temperature of 150° to 200° C., preferably at 180°C. in a pressure reactor.

The present invention is also a method of using the compound of theformula 4 to prepare the compound of formula 5 which comprises treatingthe compound of formula 4 with ammonium hydroxide. Preferably thecompound of formula 4 is heated with concentrated ammonium hydroxide toa temperature of from 150° to 200° C. preferably at 180° C. in apressure reactor.

The present invention is also the use of the compound of formula 5 forthe preparation of a compound of the formula I wherein n is one whichcomprises (1) treating the compound of formula 5 (including the compound5 either in its protected or unprotected form, for example, ##STR5##wherein Q is H or a protecting group as generally set out below) with astrong base such as butyllithium, sodium amide, LDA (lithium salt ofdiisopropyl amine) and the like; (2) treating the product of (1) with acompound of the formula WCHO wherein W is as defined above; and (3)dehydrating the product of (2).

The present invention is also the combined method of using the compoundof formula 4 and method of using the compound of formula 5 set outimmediately hereinbefore.

Under certain circumstances, understood by an ordinarily skilled artisanand as discussed below, it is necessary to protect the phenolic OH ofthe pyrimidine in various intermediates to give Q substituted pyrimidinewhich is ##STR6## where Q is a suitable oxygen protecting group,preferably methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) and where n=0 or 1.

The MEM group is removed later using 1) Lewis acids such as ZnBr₂ inhalogenated solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, anddichloroethane at 0° to 60° C., 2) mineral acids such as HCl, HBr, orHNO₃ in solvents such as water, alkanols, tetrahydrofuran,dialkylethers, dioxane, glyme, diglyme at 0° to 60° C. or 3) organicacids such as acetic acid in the solvents described in 1) and 2) at 0°to 60° C.

Introduction and removal of such suitable oxygen protecting groups arewell-known in the art of organic chemistry; see for example "ProtectiveGroups in Organic Chemistry," J. F. W. McOmie, ed., (New York, 1973),pages 43ff, 95ff, J. F. W. McOmie, Advances in Organic Chemistry, Vol.3, 159-190 (1963); J. F. W. McOmie, Chem. & Ind., 603 (1979), and T. W.Greene, "Protective Groups in organic Synthesis", Wiley (New York) 1981,Chapters 2, 3, and 7.

Examples of suitable oxygen protecting groups are benzyl, trialkylsilyl,ethoxyethyl, methoxyethoxy-methyl, methoxymethyl, trialkylsilylethyl,and the like.

In the process described herein for the preparation of compounds of thisinvention the requirements for protective groups are generally wellrecognized by one skilled in the art of organic chemistry, andaccordingly the use of appropriate protecting groups is necessarilyimplied by the processes of the charts herein, although such groups maynot be expressly illustrated.

The present invention is also a method of using the compound of formula10 for the preparation of the formula I wherein n is zero whichcomprises treating the compound of formula 10 with ammonium hydroxide orwith another agent providing ammonia in situ but preferably withammonium hydroxide, preferably also in a manner as described above inthe treatment of the compound of formula 4 for the preparation of acompound of the formula 5.

The present invention is also a process for the preparation of acompound of the formula I as defined above which comprises

(A) (1) treating a compound of the formula 5 as defined above with astrong base such as butyllithium, sodium amide, LDA, and the like; (2)treating the product of (1) with a compound of the formula WCHO whereinW is as defined above, and (3) dehydrating the product of (2) to obtaina compound of the formula I wherein n is one; or alternatively

(B) treating a compound of the formula 10 as defined above with ammoniumhydroxide to obtain a compound of the formula I wherein n is zero.

The steps (A) and (B) are independently also the present invention.Further the steps (A)(1), (2), and (3) are independently the presentinvention.

The present invention is also a pharmaceutical composition for thetreatment of conditions advantageously affected by the inhibition of5-lipoxygenase alone or together with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase,preferably the inhibition of both 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenasewhich comprises an amount effective for the treatment of the conditionof a compound of the formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable acidaddition or base salt thereof together with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier. The condition is meant to include, for example,rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, other inflammatory conditions,pain, fever, psoriasis, allergic diseases, asthma, inflammatory boweldisease, GI ulcers, cardiovascular conditions including ischemic heartdisease and atherosclerosis, and ischemia-induced cell damageparticularly brain damage caused by stroke. They can also be usedtopically for treating acne, sunburn, psoriasis, and eczema. Alsoincluded are leukotriene mediated pulmonary, gastrointestinal,inflammatory, dermatological, and cardiovascular conditions. Thedisclosed compounds also have potential utility as antioxidants.However, overall the but preferable use is to treat inflammatoryconditions.

The present invention is also a method for treatment of the condition asnoted above in a mammal, including humans, suffering therefrom with acompound of the formula I or the pharmaceutically acceptable acidaddition or base salt thereof, in unit dosage form. The invention alsoprovides for use of any such compound of formula I or salt thereof inthe manufacture of a medical therapeutic agent.

Pharmaceutical composition or use of the compound or salt of formula Iis meant to include treatment understood to be prophylactic pertinent tothe foregoing named condition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

"Heteroaromatic ring" means pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, thienyl, furyl,pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl,pyridazinyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl,oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, and the like. These ring systems are meant toinclude rings having a lower alkyl substituent on one or more of thering carbons, and also includes all possible regioisomers. Suchregioisomers are limited by a required attachment to the pyrimidinylgroup through a carbon of the ring.

"Substituted phenyl" means phenyl having one, two or three of loweralkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, NR₁₀ R₁₁ wherein R₁₀ andR₁₁ are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, NO₂, mercapto, hydroxy,or lower thioalkoxy.

"Substituted naphthyl" means naphthyl having one of lower alkyl, loweralkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, NR₁₀ R₁₁ wherein R₁₀ and R₁₁ areindependently hydrogen or lower alkyl, NO₂, mercapto, hydroxy, or lowerthioalkoxy.

In the compounds of formula I the term "lower alkyl", "lower alkoxy" or"lower thioalkoxy" includes an alkyl group of from one to six carbonssuch as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and the like and isomers thereof.Halogen is chloro, bromo or fluoro.

The compounds I of the invention may exist as tautomers which arereadily determined from art recognized tautomerism.

Appropriate compounds of formula I are useful in the free base form, inthe form of base salts where possible, and in the form of acid additionsalts. The three forms are within the scope of the invention. Inpractice, use of the salt form amounts to use of the base form.Pharmaceutically acceptable salts within the scope of the invention maybe those derived from mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid andsulfuric acid; and organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid,ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, andthe like, giving the hydrochloride, sulfamate, methanesulfonate,ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and the like,respectively, or those derived from bases such as suitable organic andinorganic bases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable base additionsalts with compounds of the present invention include organic baseswhich are nontoxic and strong enough to form such salts. These organicbases form a class whose limits are readily understood by those skilledin the art. Merely for purposes of illustration, the class may be saidto include mono-, di-, and trialkylamines such as methylamine,dimethylamine, and triethylamine; mono-, di-, or trihydroxyalkylaminessuch as mono-, di-, or triethanolamine; amino acids such as arginine andlysine; guanidine; choline N-methylglucosamine; N-methylglucamine;L-glutamine; N-methylpiperazine; morpholine; ethylenediamine;N-benzylphenethylamine; tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane; and the like.(See for example, "Pharmaceutical Salts," J. Pharm. Sci., 66(1):1-19(1977).) Salts of inorganic bases include sodium, potassium, calcium orthe like.

The acid addition salts of said basic compounds are prepared either bydissolving the free base or acid of compound I in aqueous or aqueousalcohol solution or other suitable solvents containing the appropriateacid or base and isolating the salt by evaporating the solution, or byreacting the free base of compound I with an acid as well as reactingcompound I having an acid group thereon with a base such that thereactions are in an organic solvent, in which case the salt separatesdirectly or can be obtained by concentration of the solution. Salts canalso be prepared by adding base to an aqueous alcohol solution ofanother salt.

The compounds of the invention may contain geometric isomers. Thus, theinvention includes the individual isomers and mixtures thereof. Theindividual isomers may be prepared or isolated by methods known in theart.

The compounds of the present invention are also meant to includehydrated or solvated forms, if possible.

In determining when a lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, or duallipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor is indicated, of course interalia, the particular condition in question and its severity, as well asthe age, sex, weight, and the like of the subject to be treated, must betaken into consideration and this determination is within the skill ofthe attendant physician.

For medical use, the amount required of a compound of formula I orpharmacologically acceptable salt thereof to achieve a therapeuticeffect will, of course, vary both with the particular compound, theroute of administration, the mammal under treatment, and the particulardisorder or disease concerned. A suitable dose of a compound of formulaI or pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof for a mammal sufferingfrom, or likely to suffer from any condition as described hereinbeforeis 0.1 μg-500 mg of the compound per kilogram body weight. In the caseof systemic administration, the dose may be in the range of 0.5 to 500mg of the compound per kilogram body weight, the most preferred dosagebeing 0.5 to 50 mg/kg of mammal body weight administered two or threetimes daily. In the case of topical administration, e.g., to the skin oreye, a suitable dose may be in the range 0.1 ng-100 μg of the compoundper kilogram, typically about 0.1 μg/kg.

In the case of oral dosing for the treatment or prophylaxis of arthritisor inflammation in general, due to any course, a suitable dose of acompound of formula I or physiologically acceptable salt thereof, may beas specified in the preceding paragraph, but most preferably is from 1mg to 10 mg of the compound per kilogram, the most preferred dosagebeing from 1 mg to 5 mg/kg of mammal body weight, for example from I to2 mg/kg.

It is understood that the ordinarily skilled physician or veterinarianwill readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of thecompound to prevent or arrest the progress of the condition for whichtreatment is administered. In so proceeding, the physician orveterinarian could employ relatively low doses at first, subsequentlyincreasing the dose until a maximum response is obtained.

While it is possible for an active ingredient to be administered alone,it is preferable to present it as a pharmaceutical formulationcomprising a compound of formula I or a pharmacologically acceptableacid addition or base salt thereof and a pharmacologically acceptablecarrier therefor. Such formulations constitute a further feature of thepresent invention.

The formulations, both for veterinary and for human medical use, of thepresent invention comprise an active ingredient in association with apharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor and optionally othertherapeutic ingredient(s). The carrier(s) must be `acceptable` in thesense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulationsand not deleterious to the recipient thereof.

The formulations include those in a form suitable for oral, pulmonary,ophthalmic, rectal, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular,and intravenous), intraarticular, topical, nasal, or buccaladministration. Such formulations are understood to include long-actingformulations known in the art.

The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form andmay be prepared by any of the methods well-known in the art of pharmacy.All methods may include the step of bringing the active ingredient intoassociation with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessoryingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly andintimately bringing the active ingredient into association with a liquidcarrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both, and then, ifnecessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation.

Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administrationmay be in the form of discrete units such as capsules, cachets, tablets,or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the activeingredient; in the form of a powder or granules; in the form of asolution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or nonaqueous liquid; orin the form of an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion. Theactive ingredient may also be in the form of a bolus, electuary, orpaste.

The usefulness of the compounds of the present invention as inhibitorsof the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, cyclooxygenase, or in treating relateddiseases or conditions may be demonstrated by their effectiveness invarious standard test procedures. A description of each procedurefollows.

ARBL/ARBC Whole Cell 5-Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Assays Materials

The rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-1) was obtained from theAmerican Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md.).

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits of LTB₄ and PGF₂α were obtained fromAmersham (Arlington Heights, Ill.) and Seragen (Boston, Mass.),respectively.

All tissue culture media were obtained from GIBCO (Grand Island, N.Y.).

Method

RBL-1 cells are grown in suspension culture in Eagle's minimum essentialmedium supplemented with 12% fetal bovine serum at 37° C. in anincubator supplied with air-5% carbon dioxide. Cells are harvested bycentrifugation. They are washed with cold phosphate buffered saline pH7.4 (PBS; NaCl, 7.1 g; Na₂ HPO₄ 1.15 g; KH₂ PO₄ 0.2 g; and KCl, 0.2 g/l). Cells are finally suspended in PBS containing 1.0 Mm calcium at adensity of 2×1O⁶ cells/ml. Cells are incubated with and without testagent (in DMSO) (1% DMSO is without effect on arachidonic acidmetabolism) for ten minutes at room temperature. Calcium ionophoreA23187 (5 μM) is added and cells are incubated for seven minutes at 37°C. The reaction is stopped by chilling the tubes on ice for ten minutes.Cells are separated by centrifugation and the supernatant is stored at-20° . Aliquots (100 μl) are analyzed for LTB.sub. 4 and PGF₂α usingradioimmunoassay kits as provided by the supplier.

Table 1 contains biochemical data obtained from this whole cell assayexpressed as % inhibition at a 10 μM dose but which may also provide aresult that may be expressed as IC₅₀ s which are calculated as theamount of test compound causing 50% inhibition of LTB₄ or PGF₂αformation.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                                                ARBC                                                  Example     ARBL        IC.sub.50 (μM)                                     ______________________________________                                        1           100% @ 10 μM                                                                           85% @ 10 μM                                        3           N*          60% @ 10 μM                                        ______________________________________                                         *<40% inhibition at 10 μM                                             

Carrageenan-Induced Rat Foot Paw Edema-2 (CFE-2) Assay: Protocol

Carrageenan solution (1% w/v) is prepared by dissolving 100 mgcarrageenan (Marine Colloidal Div., Springfield, N.J.) in 10 mL ofsterile saline (0.9%) solution (Travenol). The solution is vortexed for30 to 45 minutes. Animals are dosed with compound one hour beforecarrageenan challenge. Foot paw edema is induced by injecting 0.10 ml ofthe 1% carrageenan subcutaneously into the plantar portion of the righthind paw of each rat under light anesthesia. Initial foot paw volume ismeasured immediately following carrageenan challenge using mercuryplethysmography (Buxco Electronics). Edema is measured five hours aftercarrageenan. The difference between the five-hour and the initial pawvolume is expressed as delta edema. The delta edema for each test groupof animals is used to calculate the percent inhibition of edema achievedby the compound at the test dose compared with the vehicle controlgroup. The ID₄₀ (the dose at which swelling is inhibited by 40%) iscalculated by probit analysis for the dose at which 40 percentinhibition occurs.

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        Example   Salt Form    % Inhibition of Edema                                  ______________________________________                                        1         Methanesulfonate                                                                           45% at 30 mg/kg                                        ______________________________________                                    

Mycobacterium--Induced Rat Footpad Edema Assay (MFE): Protocol

Mycobacterium butyricum (5 mg/mL) is suspended in paraffin oil bysonication for ten minutes in an ice bath. Footpad edema is induced onDay 0 by injecting 0.1 ml of the Mycobacterium mixture into the lefthindpaw of lightly anesthetized rats. Swelling in the injected hindpawis determined by mercury plethysmography 72 hours after injection.Groups of rats are treated with test compounds (suspended in 0.5%hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with 0.2% Tween-80) or vehicle one hourbefore Mycobacterium injection and on Days 1 and 2. Inhibition ofswelling is determined by comparing the change in hindpaw volume incompound- and vehicle-treated rats. An ID₄₀ (the dose at which swellingis inhibited by 40%) is calculated by probit analysis.

Gastric Ulcerogenicity (UD): Protocol

Male outbred Wistar rats (100-250 g) are fasted for 24 hours. Afterfasting, test compounds are administered orally (in 2 ml/kg of 0.5%hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and the rats are denied access to foodand water for six more hours. The rats are then sacrificed with CO₂ sothat the stomachs can be removed, opened along the greater curvature,and evaluated for the presence of gastric ulcers. Results are expressedas the percent of rats with gastric ulcers at a given dose or as theUD₅₀ (the dose which causes ulcers in 50% of the rats).

In addition to the compounds of formula I, the pharmaceuticalcompositions can also contain other active ingredients, such ascyclooxygenase inhibitors, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),peripheral analgesic agents such as zomepirac, diflunisal, and the like.The weight ratio of the compound of the formula I to the second activeingredient may be varied and will depend upon the effective dose of eachingredient. Generally, an effective dose of each will be used. Thus, forexample, when a compound of the formula I is combined with an NSAID, theweight ratio of the compound of the formula I to the NSAID willgenerally range from about 1000:1 to about 1:1000, preferably about200:1 to about 1:200. Combinations of a compound of the formula I andother active ingredients will generally also be within theaforementioned range, but in each case, an effective dose of each activeingredient should be used.

Combinations of a compound of the formula I and other active ingredientswill generally be in the aforementioned ratios.

NSAIDs can be characterized into five groups:

(1) the propionic acid derivatives;

(2) the acetic acid derivatives;

(3) the fenamic acid derivatives;

(4) the biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives; and

(5) the oxicams or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The propionic acid derivatives which may be used comprise: ibuprofen,ibuprofen aluminum, indoprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, benoxaprofen,flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, fenbufen, pirprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin,pranoprofen, miroprofen, tioxaprofen, suprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofen,fluprofen, and bucloxic acid. Structurally related propionic acidderivatives having similar analgesic and antiinflammatory properties arealso intended to be included in this group.

Thus, "propionic acid derivatives" as defined herein are nonnarcoticanalgesics/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs having a free --CH(CH₃)COOH or --CH₂ CH₂ COOH group (which optionally can be in the form of apharmaceutically acceptable salt group, e.g., --CH(CH₃)COO⁻ NA⁺ or --CH₂CH₂ COO⁻ Na⁺) , typically attached directly or via a carbonyl functionto a ring system, preferably to an aromatic ring system.

The acetic acid derivatives which may be used comprise: indomethacin,which is a preferred NSAID, sulindac, tolmetin, zomepirac, diclofenac,fenclofenac, alclofenac, ibufenac, isoxepac, furofenac, tiopinac,zidometacin, acemetacin, fentiazac, clidanac, oxpinac, and fenclozicacid. Structurally related acetic acid derivatives having similaranalgesic and antiinflammatory properties are also intended to beencompassed by this group.

Thus, "acetic acid derivatives" as defined herein are nonnarcoticanalgesics/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs having a free--CH₂ COOHgroup (which optionally can be in the form of a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt group, e.g. --CH₂ COO³¹ Na⁺), typically attacheddirectly to a ring system, preferably to an aromatic or heteroaromaticring system.

The fenamic acid derivatives which may be used comprise: mefanamic acid,meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, and tolfenamic acid.Structurally related fenamic acid derivatives having similar analgesicand antiinflammatory properties are also intended to be encompassed bythis group.

Thus, "fenamic acid derivatives" as defined herein are nonnarcoticanalgesics/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs which contain the basicstructure: ##STR7## which can bear a variety of substituents and inwhich the free --COOH group can be in the form of a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt group, e.g., --COO^(-Na) ⁺.

The biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives which can be used comprise:diflunisal and flufenisal. Structurally related biphenylcarboxylic acidderivatives having similar analgesic and antiinflammatory properties arealso intended to be encompassed by this group.

Thus, "biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives" as defined herein arenonnarcotic analgesics/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs which containthe basic structure: ##STR8## which can bear a variety of substituentsand in which the free --COOH group can be in the form of apharmaceutically acceptable salt group, e.g., --COO⁺ Na⁺.

The oxicams which can be used in the present invention comprise:piroxicam, sudoxicam, isoxicam, and 4-hydroxyl-1,2-benzothiazine1,1-dioxide 4-(N-phenyl)-carboxamide. Structurally related oxicamshaving similar analgesic and antiinflammatory properties are alsointended to be encompassed by this group.

Thus, "oxicams" as defined herein are nonnarcoticanalgesics/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs which have the generalformula: ##STR9## wherein R is an aryl or heteroaryl ring system.

The following NSAIDs may also be used: acemetacin, alminoprofen, amfenacsodium, aminoprofen, anitrazafen, antrafenine, auranofin, bendazaclysinate, benzydamine, beprozin, broperamole, bufezolac, carprofen,cinmetacin, ciproquazone, clidanac, cloximate, dazidamine, deboxamet,delmetacin, detomidine, dexindoprofen, diacerein, difisalamine,difenpyramide, emorfazone, enfenamic acid, enolicam, epirizole,etersalate, etodolac, etofenamate, fanetizole mesylate, fenclofenac,fenclorac, fendosal, fenflumizole, fentiazac, feprazone, floctafenine,flunixin, flunoxaprofen, fluproquazone, fopirtoline, fosfosal,furcloprofen, furofenac, glucametacin, guaimesal, ibuproxam, isofezolac,isonixim, isoprofen, isoxepacr isoxicam, lefetamine HCl, leflunomide,lofemizole, lonazolac calcium, lotifazole, loxoprofen, lysin,clonixinate, meclofenamate sodium, meseclazone, microprofen, nabumetone,nictindole, nimesulide, orpanoxin, oxametacin, oxapadol, oxaprozin,perisoxal citrate, pimeprofen, pimetacin, piproxen, pirazolac,pirfenidone, pirprofen, pranoprofen, proglumetacin maleate, proquazone,pyridoxiprofen, sudoxicam, suprofen, talmetacin, talniflumate,tenoxicam, thiazolinobutazone, thielavin B, tiaprofenic acid, tiaramideHCl, tiflamizole, timegadine, tioxaprofen, tolfenamic acid, tolpadol,tryptamid, ufenamate, and zidometacin.

Finally, NSAIDs which may also be used include the salicylates,specifically aspirin, and the phenylbutazones, and pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof.

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the formula I compounds may alsocontain as the second active ingredient, antihistaminic agents such asbenadryl, dramamine, histadyl, phenergan, and the like. Alternatively,they may include prostaglandin antagonists such as those disclosed inEuropean Patent Application 11,067 or thromboxane antagonists such asthose disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,160. They may also containhistidine decarboxylase inhibitors such as α-fluoromethylhistidine,described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,961. The compounds of the formula I mayalso be advantageously combined with an H₁ or H₂ -receptor antagonist,such as for instance cimetidine, ranitidine, terfenadine, famotidine,temelastine, acrivastine, loratadine, cetrizine, tazifylline,azelastine, aminothiadiazoles disclosed in EP 81102976.8 and likecompounds, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,283,408;4,362,736; 4,394,508, and European Patent Application No. 40,696. Thepharmaceutical compositions may also contain a K⁺ /H⁺ ATPase inhibitorsuch as omeprazole, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,431, and the like.Each of the references referred to in this paragraph is herebyincorporated herein by reference.

The compounds of the formula I and their salts are prepared generally bythe following processes and constitute a further aspect of the presentinvention.

The compounds are prepared by the following schemes. ##STR10##

Generally, the Schemes 1, 2 and 3 are carried out as follows:

Description of Scheme 1

Compound of the formula 3 is prepared from the known haloketone 2 (C. W.Shoppee and D. Stevenson, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I, p. 3015, 1972) byreaction with a salt of acetic acid such as sodium or potassium acetatein a solvent such as DMSO at a reaction temperature of 18° C. to 60° C.,or in a solvent such as acetic acid at reflux. Acetoxydiketone 3 isconverted to oxazole 4 by treatment with an ammonium salt such asammonium chloride or preferably ammonium acetate in a solvent such asacetic acid at reflux for 1 to 16 hours or in a solvent such asformamide at 100° to 200° C. for 1 to 6 hours. Alternatively, 2 isconverted directly to 4 by treatment with acetamide or ammonium acetatein a solvent such as acetic acid at reflux. The oxazole 4 is convertedto pyrimidine 5 by treatment with ammonia or an ammonium salt atelevated temperature. Preferably 4 is reacted with concentrated ammoniumhydroxide at 150° to 190° C. in a pressure reaction vessel for 6 to 72hours. 5 is also prepared by reaction of 3 with an ammonium salt such asNH₄ Cl or NH₄ OAc in a solvent such as formamide at a temperature of180° to 200° C. for longer periods of time such as overnight to 1 week.

Description of Scheme 2

The protected pyrimidine 6 is deprotonated using a strong base such assodium amide or butyllithium in a suitable solvent such as THF, ether,or hexane at -78° C. to room temperature. The anion generated above isreacted with an aldehyde, followed by dehydration, using sodium acetatein acetic anhydride at 100° to 190° C. Deprotection is done by methodsknown in the literature for the particular protecting group.

Description of Scheme 3

The halodiketone 8 is reacted with a salt of the carboxylic acid WCOOH,where W is as defined above, preferably the sodium or potassium salt ina solvent such as DMSO or THF or MEOH or mixtures thereof at atemperature of room temperature to 60° C. to give intermediate 9. 9 isreacted with an ammonium salt preferably ammonium chloride or theammonium salt of WCOOH in a solvent such as formamide at 100° to 190° C.or using WCOOH as a solvent. The oxazole 10 is converted to pyrimidine11 by treatment with ammonia or an ammonium salt at elevatedtemperature, preferably using concentrated ammonium hydroxide at 150° to190° C. in a pressure reaction vessel. In some cases treatment of 9 withan ammonium salt such as ammonium chloride or the ammonium salt of WCOOHin a solvent such as formamide at elevated temperatures such as 100° to190° C. gives pyrimidine 11.

One of skill in the art would recognize variations in the sequence andwould recognize variations in the appropriate reaction conditions fromthe analogous reactions shown or otherwise known which may beappropriately used in the processes above to make the compounds of theFormula I herein. Further, starting materials are known or can beprepared by known methods.

The products of the reactions described herein are isolated byconventional means such as extraction, distillation, chromatography, andthe like.

The invention is further elaborated by the representative examples asfollows. Such examples are not meant to be limiting.

EXAMPLE 1[E]-4,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-[[2-(3-pyridinyl)]-ethenyl]-5-pyrimidinol

A mixture of4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy]-α-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidine-ethanol(350 mg), sodium acetate (10 g) and acetic anhydride (7 mi) in toluene(100 ml) is heated at reflux for 8 hours. The reaction mixture is cooledand the solvent is evaporated. Dichlorobenzene (30 ml) is added and thereaction mixture is heated at 190° C. for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture is cooled and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. Theaqueous layer is adjusted to pH 4 with 1 N HCl. The organic layer iscollected and evaporated. Purification of the residue by flashchromatography (silica, 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexane) followed byrecrystallization from hexane gives pure4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-[[2-(3-pyridinyl)]ethenyl]-5-pyrimidinol(130 mg, 40%); mp 150°-151° C.

The following compounds are prepared according to the procedure ofExample C and Example 1.

    __________________________________________________________________________     ##STR11##                                                                    Example                                                                            Ar        Prepared From                                                                           MP         % Yield                                   __________________________________________________________________________          ##STR12##                                                                              Benzaldehyde                                                                            Oil [salt.HCl.1/2 H.sub.2 O mp 199-200°                                C. (dec.)] 48%                                       3                                                                                   ##STR13##                                                                              3-methylisothiazole- 5-carboxaldehyde                                                   161-162° C.                                                                       12%                                       __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 44,6-[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)]-5-hydroxy-2-(3-pyridinyl)-pyrimidine

A solution of 1-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-oxazolyl (2,2-dimethyl) -1 -propanone (510 mg, 1.8 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) istransferred to a glass-lined steel bomb. Ammonium hydroxide (25 mL) isadded and the reaction mixture is heated at 180° C. for 16 hours. Thereaction mixture is cooled and the product is collected by filtration.Recrystallization from ethyl acetate gives pure4,6-[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl))-5-hydroxy-2-(3-pyridinyl)pyrimidine (180mg, 35%) mp 178°-180° C.

EXAMPLE 5 1)-2-methyl-5-oxazolyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanone

A solution of 4-(acetyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl 3,5-heptanedione (22 g,0.09 mol) in acetic acid (100 mL) is treated with ammonium acetate (44g). The reaction mixture is heated at reflux overnight. The reactionmixture is diluted with water and neutralized (to pH 5) by the additionof aqueous sodium hydroxide. The product is extracted into ethyl acetate(3×15O mL) and the combined organic layers are washed with 0.1 N NaOH,water, and then brine. The organic layer is dried and evaporated. Theresidue is taken up in hexane (50 mL) and applied to a pad of silica gel(500 g). The silica pad is eluted with hexane (100 mL). Then the productis eluted from the silica with hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1) to give 18.6 g(91%) of1-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-5-oxazolyll-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanoneas an oil.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl₃)δ 2.60 (s, 3H, 2-Me), 1.35 (s, 9H, tbu), 1.31 (s, 9H,tbu)

¹³ C-NMR (CDCl₃)δ 195.8, 159.3, 157.6, 143.6, 44.2, 32.7, 28.4, 26.6

EXAMPLE 6 4,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5hydroxy-2methyl pyrimidine

A mixture of1-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-5-oxazolyl]-2,2-dimethyl-l-propanone(8.5 g, and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (100 mi) is heated at 180°C. for 36 hours in a steel bomb. The reaction mixture is cooled and theexcess ammonia is evaporated on the rotovap. The pH of the resultingmixture is adjusted to pH 6 with concentrated HCl with ice bath cooling.The product is extracted into ether (3×250 mL) and the organic layer isdried (MgSO₄) and evaporated. The residue is purified by flashchromatography (silica, 7% EtOAc/hexane) to give pure4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine (6.35g, 75%) asa partial hydrate; mp 62°-65° C.

¹ H-NMR (d₆ -DMSO) δ 7.76 (br, 1H, OH) , 2.45 (s, 3H, CH₃), 1.36 (s,18H, t-bu).

¹³ C-NMR (CDCl₃)δ 161.2, 157.5, 145.1, 37.0, 28.7, 25.4.

The compound is further characterized by conversion to its acetylderivative, mp 45°-47° C.

EXAMPLE 74,6-Bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[(2-methoxyethoxy)-methoxy]-2-methylpyrimidin

4,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl pyrimidine (9.8 g, 44.1remoles) is dissolved in 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran and added dropwise toa suspension of sodium hydride (1.2 g, 48.5 remoles) in THF (50 mL) at0° C. The reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature over 15minutes. 2-Methoxyethoxymethyl chloride (7.1 g, 57.3 mmoles) is added tothe reaction mixture at room temperature. After being stirred at roomtemperature for 4 hours, the reaction is quenched by the addition ofsaturated ammonium chloride and the tetrahydrofuran is evaporated. Theorganics are extracted into 300 mL of ether. The ether is washed with100 mL of brine and dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of thesolvent gives the crude product which is purified by flashchromatography (silica, 10% ether/hexane). Yield of4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy]-2-methylpyrimidine=11.3g (82%) as a clear oil.

¹ H-NMR-(CDCl₃)δ 4.96 (s, 2H, 0--CH₂ --0), 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.60 (m, 2H),3.39 (s, 3H, 0--CH₃), 2.54 (s, 3H, CH₃), 1.40 (s, 18H, C(CH₃)₃). C¹³-NMR(CDCl₃)δ 169.2, 159.8, 145.7, 99.9, 71.5, 69.4, 58.9, 38.2, 30.0,25.2.

EXAMPLE 84,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[(2-methoxyethoxy)-methoxy]-α-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidineethanol

n-Butyllithium (1.5 mL of 1.6M solution in hexane, 2.4 mmol) is addeddropwise to a solution of4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[(2-methoxyethoxy)-methoxyl-2-methylpyrimidine(750 mg, 2.4 mmol) in dry THF (12 mL) at 0° C. under an atmosphere ofdry nitrogen. The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30minutes and then cooled to -78° C. A solution of pyridine3-carboxaldehyde (250 mg, 2.4 mmol) in dry THF (1 mL) is added dropwise.The reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and thenis quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. Theproduct is extracted into ether. The organic layer is dried (MgSO₄) andevaporated to give crude4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy]-α-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidineethanol (500 mg, 50%) which is not further purified, butused directly in the next reaction.

EXAMPLE 91-(2,2-Dimethyl-1-oxopropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate

A mixture of 4-bromo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (2.6 g, 10mmol) and 3 g of the sodium salt of nicotinic acid in DMSO (4 mi) isstirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture ispartitioned between water and ether. The organic layer is washed withwater (5×100 mL) and is dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated.

Recrystallization from hexane gives pure1-(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate(1.9 g, 62%); mp 90°-91° C.

EXAMPLE 10 1 [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-oxazolyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanone

A solution of1-(2,2-dimethyl-l-oxopropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate(1.5 g, 4.9 mmol) in formamide (20 mL) is treated with ammonium chloride(3 g) and the reaction mixture is stirred at 150° C. overnight. Thereaction mixture is cooled, diluted with water and extracted with ether.The organic layer is washed with water (3×50 mL), dried over MgSO₄ andevaporated to give the desired oxazole (1.1 g, 78%) containing about 10%of 4,6-[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)]-5-hydroxy-2-(3-pyridinyl)pyrimidine. Thecontaminating pyrimidine crystallizes upon the addition of hexane togive the desired oxazole in the mother liquor. The oxazole is isolatedas an oil and is converted to the pyrimidine without furtherpurification.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula I ##STR14## or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, or hydrate thereof; wherein n is aninteger of zero or one;W is phenyl, phenyl having one, two or three oflower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, NR₁₀ R₁₁ whereinR₁₀ and R₁₁ are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, NO₂ ; mercapto,hydroxy, or lower thioalkoxy, naphthyl, or naphthyl.
 2. A compound ofclaim 1 wherein n is zero.
 3. A compound of claim 1 wherein n is one. 4.A compound of claim 3 which is4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-[(2-phenyl)ethenyl]-5-pyrimidinol.
 5. Apharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a conditionadvantageously affected by the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase,cyclooxygenase or both 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase which comprisesan amount effective for the treatment of the condition of the compoundof claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 6. A method oftreating inflammation in a human in need of such treatment whichcomprises administering a compound of claim 1 in unit dosage form.
 7. Amethod of treating allergy in a human in need of such treatment whichcomprises administering a compound of claim 1 in unit dosage form.
 8. Amethod of treating ulcers in a human in need of such treatment whichcomprises administering a compound of claim 1 in unit dosage form.
 9. Apharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of claim 1 and anonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug in an amount wherein a ratio of theweight range is from 1000:1 to 1:1000.